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Amputation equipment dating from early nineteenth century England. Amputation procedures involve the surgical removal of diseased ... Credit: Science Photo Library
Set of surgical instruments dating from eighteenth century England. This set is complete with trephine (for creating holes in the ... Credit: Science Photo Library
Set of surgical instruments dating from around 1850, England. Surgery in this era, pre-antiseptis and anaesthesia was high risk wi... Credit: Science Photo Library
Lithotomy instruments dating from around 1870, England. Lithotomy procedures involve the surgical removal of calculi (painful ston... Credit: Science Photo Library
Two leg amputation saws with ebony handles. These date from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and are French or English in o... Credit: Science Photo Library
Five bistoury knives with tortoiseshell guards with an eighteenth century shagreen case. These knives were used for making small i... Credit: Science Photo Library
Female urinary catheter dating from the nineteenth century. This would be inserted into a patient's urethra (the tube by which uri... Credit: Science Photo Library
Four bistoury knives with tortoiseshell guards. These knives were used for making small incisions during minor operations such as ... Credit: Science Photo Library
Brass bound amputation set, with scalpels (for small incisions), Liston knives (for rapid cutting of soft tissues around the bone)... Credit: Science Photo Library
Surgical equipment including leg saws (for amputations) and trephines (cylindrical bladed instruments for creating bore holes in b... Credit: Science Photo Library
Set of four Liston amputation knives with ebony handles, dating from around 1850, England. These knives were used in surgical ampu... Credit: Science Photo Library
Antiseptic spray, made from brass dating from 1890, England. This apparatus was used as an early antiseptic method. Scottish surge... Credit: Science Photo Library
Circumcision set dating from late nineteenth century, England. The set is complete with guard and knife and is made from steel and... Credit: Science Photo Library
Set of urethral probes by Arnold and Sons. Probes such as these would be lubricated and inserted into a patient's urethra to check... Credit: Science Photo Library
General purpose surgery set, dating from 1860, England. This set is complete with trepanning brace (for creating holes in the skul... Credit: Science Photo Library
Post mortem instruments, including bowel scissors, chisels and a mallet. The post mortem was introduced in the early 1800s, as a m... Credit: Science Photo Library
Limb saw with folding ebony handle, dating from around 1860, England. Instruments such as this one were used in limb amputation pr... Credit: Science Photo Library
Three pairs of obstetric forceps. One is in steel dating from around 1820, France (top), the others have ebony grips and date fro... Credit: Science Photo Library
Vaginal speculum made from pewter with a wooden introducer. This was used for examining the cervix. Light is reflected along the... Credit: Science Photo Library
Three craniotomy forceps and a perforator with ebony handles. Such instruments were used as a last resort during difficult births... Credit: Science Photo Library
Obstetric forceps dating from around 1850, England. These instruments were used in the mid-nineteenth century to assist the vagi... Credit: Science Photo Library
19th century medical inventions, including early syringes, sphygmomanometer, Letheon ether inhaler, ceramic false teeth, endoscope... Credit: Science Photo Library
Haemorrhoid forceps made from steel and ivory. Haemorrhoids (commonly known as piles) are swellings which occur due to veins and o... Credit: Science Photo Library
Weiss patent syringe for use as an enema or stomach pump. The components of this apparatus are made from brass and ivory. It dates... Credit: Science Photo Library
Nineteenth century clyster (a type of enema syringe). Made from pewter and wood. The enema is a medical procedure whereby fluid is... Credit: Science Photo Library
Enema syringe, manufactured by Arnold and Sons. Pictured in its wooden case, this device is made in England from brass and pewter,... Credit: Science Photo Library
Nineteenth century enema and stomach pump in a wooden case made from brass, wood, and ivory. An enema is a syringe-like device use... Credit: Science Photo Library
Nineteenth century douche, pictured with its case. Douches were used in this era for rinsing bodily orifices including the vagina,... Credit: Science Photo Library
A collection of five historical vaginal speculae, made from glass, nickel, and steel. These instruments were used for medical exam... Credit: Science Photo Library
Vaginal douche by Dr. Eguisier. Douches such as this one, although unreliable, were one of the most common methods of contraceptio... Credit: Science Photo Library
Blacksmith-made claw pincers for medical use, dating from around 1700. This crude instrument would have been used, rather brutally... Credit: Science Photo Library
Two dental levers, dating from around 1890, England. The nineteenth century was a period of rapid progression in the field of dent... Credit: Science Photo Library
Steel mouth gag with a cross hatched ebony handle. This would have been used to pry open the mouths of patients with lock-jaw or t... Credit: Science Photo Library
Adjustable pelican, tooth extractor, with screw mechanism. Pelicans are an early type of dental forceps, so named due to their cla... Credit: Science Photo Library
Steel pincer for dental extraction. Tooth extraction is the earliest known dental procedure, it was used as a last-resort cure for... Credit: Science Photo Library
Steel tooth key dating from around 1820, England. Tooth extraction is the earliest known dental procedure, it was used as a last-r... Credit: Science Photo Library
Six tongue scrapers in ivory, tortoiseshell and silver. These were handcrafted personal hygiene instruments, specially designed fo... Credit: Science Photo Library
Boxed dental hygiene set with four steel tools and a detachable ivory handle. This set is English and dates from around 1820. The ... Credit: Science Photo Library
Dental file dating from around 1860, England. This instrument is made from steel with an ivory handle. Dental files were used in e... Credit: Science Photo Library
Dudgeon sphygmograph shown in the position for use. It is made out of nickel and dates from the 1880s, England. The sphygmograph, ... Credit: Science Photo Library
Artificial leech with two syringes, patented by Baron Heurteloup. Artificial leeches were a mechanical instrument which supersede... Credit: Science Photo Library
Two lancets with their cases. The smaller lancet (left) dates from around 1790 and the larger (right), from around 1830. Both la... Credit: Science Photo Library
French aspirator set from the early twentieth century. The set includes syringe, taps, and needles in their original case with pu... Credit: Science Photo Library
Hypodermic syringe, dating from around 1890, England. The barrel has a silver coloured metal housing and two metal needles lie al... Credit: Science Photo Library